A swelling over the point of the hock which can attain a considerable size. The cause is an accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous bursa (Bursa calcanea subcutanea).

A distension of the subtendinous calcaneal bursa (between the calcaneus and the end of the achilles tendon (gastrocnemius tendon).

Extracorporeal shock waves are high energy sound waves which can travel through the soft tissue in a body and are used for therapeutic purposes. They are generated by one of several methods (hydraulic, piezoelectric or electromagnetic) and are transfered to the body through a fluid filled cushion. The highest energy waves can be used to destroy kidney and bladder stones within the body, while waves of a lower energy are used to treat chronic pain, often at the insertion or origin of a tendon. They are used in human and veterinary medicine.

Extracorporeal shock waves are high energy sound waves which can travel through the soft tissue in a body and are used for therapeutic purposes. They are generated by one of several methods (hydraulic, piezoelectric or electromagnetic) and are transfered to the body through a fluid filled cushion. The highest energy waves can be used to destroy kidney and bladder stones within the body, while waves of a lower energy are used to treat chronic pain, often at the insertion or origin of a tendon. They are used in human and veterinary medicine.

A complex joint between the lower leg and the hind cannon bone of the horse. The joint consists of 4 levels; the tarsocrural joint between the tibia and the talus is a hinge joint with a large range of movement in one plane, the other levels consist of the small hock joints (the proximal and distal intertarsal joint and the tarso-metatarsal joint). The small hock joints have an extremely limited range of movement.

Shock absorption is the process of dissipating kinetic energy into physical compression of the material or heat. In farriery this is especially relevant to the impact phase of a horse's hoof on a hard surface. There are many pads and some horseshoes that aim to aid in the dissipation of some of this impact energy.

The use of extracorporeal shock waves for medicinal purposes. High energy shock waves are used to treat kidney, gall and bladder stones by breaking up the stones within the body. Medium and low energy waves are used to treat areas of chronicinflammation and pain in soft tissue that is adjacent to bone (e.g. at the insertion or origin of tendons and muscles).

Conformational fault of the hind limbs, where the angle of the hocks is less than 145° and the cannon (metatarsal) bone slopes to the front. A line dropped from the point of the buttocks runs through the point of the hocks but meets the ground well behind the hoof.

A conformational fault seen from behind. The axis of the hindlimbs is not straight: the hocks deviate outwards (a line dropped from the point of the buttocks passes medial to the inside of the point of the hock) or, more commonly, the fetlocks deviate inwards (base narrow). Both result in a bowlegged appearance and lead to excessive strain on the lateral aspects of the limb.