A visual examination of the trachea and bronchi (upper airways) using a flexible endoscope.

A mare that is used for breeding purposes.

Part of the bridle; runs across the horse's forehead and attaches to the head piece. It prevents the headpiece from slipping back down the neck.

A horse's coat colour where the body hairs are a mixture or black and brown although black predominates. Limbs, mane and tail are always black.

A type of minor haematoma caused by blunt trauma. The trauma leads to damage of small blood vessels which leads to blood seeping into surrounding tissue. In the acute period they are a source of pain and can cause a reddish discolouration of surrounding tissue. In bruising of the hoof, the pain may lead to lameness and the bleeding may discolour the horn. 

A gait abnormality where the hoof of a limb in the protraction phase strikes the medial side of the contralaterallimb in the stance phase. The point of contact can be anywhere between the coronary band and the carpus (knee) in the forelimb or proximal cannon in the hindlimb.The injury caused by this type of interference ranges from patches of roughened hair to open wounds. The regions of the  hoof responsible for the interference include toe, quarter and heel.

A boot made of leather, plastic, neoprene or felt that is attached to the cannon region of horses' limbs to prevent injury through interference from another limb or through contact with a solid object (e.g. a jump).  They consist of a flexible wrap that can be fixed to the leg with velcro straps, which is fitted with a hard or thicker patch of material or plastic, covering the inside of the cannon and fetlock region.

A tool used to loosen the clenches and strike off the ends before removing a nail or the entire shoe.

The anatomical region just palmar/plantar to the heels of the hoof consisting of two elastic slightly convex structures separated by a shallow groove. Well developed subcutaneous tissue that is continuous with the digital cushion give the bulbs their rounded appearance. The lower part of the bulb is covered in horny, hairless epithelium, the upper part is normal skin covered in hair.

The slight concavity at the back of the  pastern between the bulbs of the heels.