A horse's coat colour where the body, mane and tail are a yellowish shade of brown. The colour can vary greatly from pale chestnut to dark ('liver') chestnut. In contrast to the bay colour, the limbs are always the same colour as the body and the mane and tail are either the same colour or lighter (this is known as a flaxen mane and tail).

A horse's coat colour where the body, mane and tail are a yellowish shade of brown. The colour can vary greatly from pale chestnut to dark ('liver') chestnut. In contrast to the bay colour, the limbs are always the same colour as the body and the mane and tail are either the same colour or lighter (this is known as a flaxen mane and tail).

A bit which should only be used if the horse is led from the ground. It consists of a thin circular mouthpiece, which is placed in the horse's mouth and runs around the lower jaw. The ring is held in place by a leather strap behind the horse's ears (the headpiece). A smaller ring is fixed to the mouthpiece below the chin to which a leadrope can be attached which connects the chifney to the ring of a headcollar/halter. In combination with a halter/headcollar, the Chifney can make rearing, overly excited, or difficult horses more easy to handle from the ground. It should not be used on its own, during riding, when tying up, or to inflict pain or punish the horse - its purpose is to aid the control of the horse when being handled. 

Similar to the curb chain, the chin strap is clipped or buckled into the rings of the bit and runs underneath the horse's chin. Chin straps can be made of leather or synthetic material. They increase the leverage effect of bits with shanks, or can prevent the rings of the bit from being pulled through the horse's mouth (e.g. in a snaffle bit).

A tool that is inserted into the hardy hole on an anvil (such tools are also known as anvil bottom tools). A chisel hardy, sometimes refered to simply as a 'hardy', is a tool with a straight chisel shaped edge which is used to cut lengths of hot or cold steel. The hot chisel hardy is thinner and has a sharper edge than the cold chisel hardy.

An antiseptic agent that disables and destroys microorganisms and is used to disinfect skin and mucus membranes for surgical procedures. In high dilutions it can be used to rinse wounds.

In medicine, chronic refers to a condition (disease or injury) that has been present for a long period of time (months to years). The opposite of acute.

A diagnostic test used in horses with pain in the distalhock. It is performed by applying firm digital pressure to the medial aspect of the distaltarsus while the limb is held in a raised and slightly flexed position. A postive response is recorded if the horses flexes and abducts its limb away from pressure. A positive test can indicate osteoarthritis of the hock (bone spavin). 

Hair-like, microscopic structures on the membrane of many cells. Some cilia are non-motile (they cannot move); these are predominantly involved in sensory recognition. Others cells have motile cilia which can move, e.g. by beating in coordinated waves. On cells lining the respiratory system for example, cilia perform sweeping movements, which helps remove inhaled particles.
In some single-cell organisms, rhythmic movement of all cilia allows directional movement (e.g. in protozoans called ciliates).

Refers to the circulation of blood in the blood vessels.