Part of the brain, which includes the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. These are involved in controlling involuntary functions of the body, regulating sleep, and signal transfer. Many important neural pathways run from the brain to the body through the brainstem, which is involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the body and motor signals from the brain.

The branch is the curved side of the shoe extending from the toe quarter to the heel. Usually termed medial (inside) branch or lateral (outside) branch.

The process at the end of the stance phase in which the hoof rotates around a point in the toe, starting with lift-off of the heels and ending with toe-off when the toe leaves the ground. The period of time required for this procedure is refered to as breakover time.

The point on the toe around which the hoof rotates after the heels lift off. It is the last point in contact with the ground before the hoof lifts off completely. Ideally the breakover point is in the centre of the toe, but a slight deviation of limb or hoofconformation often leads to a medial or lateral displacement of the break-over point. This point can be located by visual evaluation of the horse in movement or by evaluating the pattern of wear on the horse's hoof or shoe.

Piece of tack that is fitted around the horses chest or breast at the base of the horse's neck and attaches to the girth and / or the D-rings on the front of the saddle. It prevents the saddle from slipping backwards and typically has a neck strap running over the horse's neck or withers which prevents it from slipping downwards and can provide the rider with something to hold on to if a horse is being unruly.

Piece of tack that is fitted around the horses chest or breast at the base of the horse's neck and attaches to the girth and / or the D-rings on the front of the saddle. It prevents the saddle from slipping backwards and typically has a neck strap running over the horse's neck or withers which prevents it from slipping downwards and can provide the rider with something to hold on to if a horse is being unruly.

Trousers worn for riding which are typically tapered and end above the ankle or at mid-calf with a cuff or velcro fastening. They are usually made from elastic material and are strengthened at the knee with an additional patch of material. Some have a layer or patch of non-slip material in the area of the seat and on the inside of the leg (where a rider is in contact with the saddle). Breeches are worn with long riding boots or some other form of calf protection such as half chaps.

A system of straps fitted to the horse's head to help a rider (or a handler) control a horse's movement. Usually holds a bit in a horse's mouth. Often made of leather, but may also be made of rope or synthetic straps.
The parts of an English bridle include headpiece, noseband, cheek pieces, throat lash, browband, and the bit to which reins are attached. Most western bridles do not include a noseband and some have no browband. Bit-less bridles have no bit and the reins are typically attached to a noseband.

The first standardised imperial thread form, others followed Like BSF, USF and most recently Metric.

An injury caused by a horse tripping and falling onto its knees. It is a type of injury which may happen repeatedly and can leave typical scars (hairless patches and calluses). This type of injury may be the result of a horse being shod with excessively long toes, or any orthopaedic disorder which leads to a reduced arc of flight and predisposes to the hoof catching on the ground during the swing phase .